Community Self-Managed Radio Access Network

ABSTRACT

In some embodiments, a local community may manage its own RAN via a simple, secure, self-service user interface in conjunction with a mobile operator. An exemplary system is disclosed, including: at least two base stations providing wireless access to one or more mobile devices and located in a community; a gateway providing a connection to a core network for the at least two base stations; a management functionality in the core network, in communication with the gateway, for authorizing management activities for the at least two base stations; and a user-facing administration module in communication with the management functionality, the user-facing administration module having: a user interface for providing management control to an administrative user in the community.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No.17/517,606, filed Nov. 2, 2021, which is a continuation of U.S.application Ser. No. 16/264,429, filed Jan. 31, 2019, which is anon-provisional conversion of, and claims priority under 35 U.S.C. §119(e) to, U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/624,302, entitled“Community Self-Managed Radio Access Network” and filed Jan. 31, 2018,each of which is hereby incorporated by reference herein in its entiretyfor all purposes. In addition, this application hereby incorporates byreference, for all purposes, each of the following U.S. PatentApplication Publications in their entirety: US20170013513A1;US20170026845A1; US20170055186A1; US20170070436A1; US20170077979A1;US20170019375A1; US20170111482A1; US20170048710A1; US20170127409A1;US20170064621A1; US20170202006A1; US20170238278A1; US20170171828A1;US20170181119A1; US20170273134A1; US20170272330A1; US20170208560A1;US20170288813A1; US20170295510A1; US20170303163A1; and US20170257133A1.This application also hereby incorporates by reference U.S. Pat. No.8,879,416, “Heterogeneous Mesh Network and Multi-RAT Node Used Therein,”filed May 8, 2013; U.S. Pat. No. 9,113,352, “HeterogeneousSelf-Organizing Network for Access and Backhaul,” filed Sep. 12, 2013;U.S. Pat. No. 8,867,418, “Methods of Incorporating an Ad Hoc CellularNetwork Into a Fixed Cellular Network,” filed Feb. 18, 2014; U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 14,034,915, “Dynamic Multi-Access Wireless NetworkVirtualization,” filed Sep. 24, 2013; U.S. patent application Ser. No.14,289,821, “Method of Connecting Security Gateway to Mesh Network,”filed May 29, 2014; U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14,500,989,“Adjusting Transmit Power Across a Network,” filed Sep. 29, 2014; U.S.patent application Ser. No. 14,506,587, “Multicast and BroadcastServices Over a Mesh Network,” filed Oct. 3, 2014; U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 14,510,074, “Parameter Optimization and EventPrediction Based on Cell Heuristics,” filed Oct. 8, 2014, U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 14,642,544, “Federated X2 Gateway,” filed Mar. 9,2015, and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14,936,267, “Self-Calibratingand Self-Adjusting Network,” filed Nov. 9, 2015, each in its entiretyfor all purposes, having attorney docket numbers PWS-71700US01, US02,US03, 71710US01, 71721US01, 71729US01, 71730US01, 71731US01, 71756US01,and 71775US01, respectively.

BACKGROUND

Management is one of the significant costs in deploying a new radioaccess network (RAN) or providing mobile or cellular services to a newlocality or community. For example, network hardware is typicallymanaged actively to achieve high performance; performance for end usersis typically managed to ensure that their quality of service (used herein the general sense) is up to an acceptable standard; subscribers aremanaged such that they are enabled to be aware of their current planusage and current billing level; and a business unit is typically taskedwith maintaining awareness of the profitability of service delivery tothe locality or community, which entails at least being aware of howmuch money is being spent on delivery of services for any given periodof time. This management cost is relatively fixed over various sizes ofcommunities. Without all of these pieces in place, it is uneconomicalfor a service provider to provide service to a given community. Itfollows that, if the cost of management were to be reduced, it would bepossible to provide service to smaller communities, as well as othercommunities which would otherwise be uneconomical to provide access to,such as extremely rural communities.

Self-managed private branch exchanges (PBXes) may, in some cases, beowned and operated by entities other than telecommunications networkoperators. For example, a large company may obtain the rights to use ablock of telephone numbers from a telecommunications operator and mayown, run, and manage its own switching and management devices, includingPBXes and VoIP desk phones. However, even for the largest institutions,maintenance and management of PBXes is complex and often management ofsuch devices and networks is outsourced to contractors and networkoperators, even when the network is owned by the enterprise.

SUMMARY

In some embodiments, a local community may manage its own RAN via asimple, secure, self-service user interface in conjunction with a mobileoperator.

In some embodiments, a local community may be enabled to operate its owntelecommunications network that is interoperable with industry-standardtelecommunications handsets (e.g., 2G, 3G, 4G, 5G) and globaltelecommunications operator networks.

In some embodiments, the local community may own its telecommunicationsnetwork hardware, up to and including a network gateway, the networkgateway providing access to a telecommunications operator's network.

In some embodiments, individual end users of the community may managetheir own account on the self-managed network, or may manage theentirety of the self-managed network itself.

In a first embodiment, a system may be disclosed, comprising: at leasttwo base stations providing wireless access to one or more mobiledevices and located in a community; a gateway providing a connection toa core network for the at least two base stations; a managementfunctionality in the core network, in communication with the gateway,for authorizing management activities for the at least two basestations; and a user-facing administration module in communication withthe management functionality, the user-facing administration modulehaving: a user interface for providing management control to anadministrative user in the community.

The at least two base stations may provide access to the one or moremobile devices using one or more of: 2G, 3G, 4G Long Term Evolution(LTE), 5G, or Wi-Fi. The at least two base stations may share a wirelessbackhaul connection. The at least two base stations may be managed bythe management functionality. The management functionality in the corenetwork may be configured to provide operational control of one or moreof: per-user throughput; per-user total data for a specified period;per-user priority; and priority for user plane data sent between the atleast two base stations and the core network. The managementfunctionality in the core network may be configured to provideoperational control of one or more of: transmit power; antennadirectionality; modulation schemes; physical layer (PHY) parameters;mesh network routing; backhaul link selection; and radio accesstechnology (RAT) steering. The at least two base stations may be managedtogether by the management functionality as part of a singlecommunity-managed radio access network (RAN). The at least two basestations may have a secure connection with the gateway. The gateway hasa secure connection with the management functionality in the corenetwork. The at least two base stations may be managed together orseparately, and any of their various parameters, including radioparameters and other operational parameters, may be managed. Quality ofservice tools for IP packet filtering and control may be used to enforcebandwidth and throughput limits.

The user-facing administration module may be located at one of the atleast two base stations or at the gateway. The user-facingadministration module may be located on the Internet or located on anetwork accessed via the core network. The user-facing administrationmodule enables the administrative user to monitor user usage statisticsfor individual end users in the community. The user-facingadministration module enables the administrative user to monitor userusage statistics and available bandwidth on a backhaul connection forthe community. The user-facing administration module enables individualend users in the community to upgrade a service plan, and theuser-facing administration module causes an operational change to bemade in the at least two base stations based on the upgraded serviceplan. The user-facing administration module enables individual end usersto initiate payment.

Other embodiments and various features thereof that are contemplated bythe inventors are found in the following disclosure.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a wireless network, in accordance withsome embodiments.

FIG. 2 is a first exemplary screen for a community RAN mobileapplication, in accordance with some embodiments.

FIG. 3 is a second exemplary screen for a community RAN mobileapplication, in accordance with some embodiments.

FIG. 4 is a third exemplary screen for a community RAN mobileapplication, in accordance with some embodiments.

FIG. 5 is a fourth exemplary screen for a community RAN mobileapplication, in accordance with some embodiments.

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a coordinating node, in accordance withsome embodiments.

FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of an enhanced eNodeB, in accordance withsome embodiments.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Benefits of Reduced-Cost Management

There are a variety of models of network deployment that areunderutilized today that make sense when network management is made moretransparent, enabling the development of low-cost mobile virtual networkoperator (MVNO) and community self-managed RAN models. In the presentdisclosure, a self-managed RAN is used as an example but in manyinstances the inventors have appreciated the value of the presentdisclosure for MVNOs as well, and the term self-managed RAN is intendedto also include MVNOs where contextually appropriate.

“Dark fiber” and Underutilized Capacity

In certain network environments, there is sufficient infrastructure tosupport more network services than are being currently provided. Thesimple example is of network capacity at night. Usually, users use thenetwork a great deal during the day and their usage declines during thenight; the network operator therefore has underutilized network capacityat night. This is largely the same for wired and for wirelessinfrastructure, e.g., with wireless infrastructure, certain frequenciesare being used by certain users at certain times of day. However, due tothe current model of owner-operated network infrastructure, the mobileoperator, who is the owner of the network, has no incentive to furtheruse the underutilized nighttime capacity beyond providing “unlimited”plans to its customers. This excess capacity in the existinginfrastructure could be used by a community self-managed RAN or by anMVNO, if operation were made sufficiently transparent and low-cost.

Other examples of excess capacity in the existing infrastructure areexisting owner-managed infrastructure, such as corporate PBXes andon-premises network servers; cable TV and Internet providers/operators;and fixed Wi-Fi and residential broadband Internet service. Suchservices also are subject to a surplus of capacity during certain timesof day. For example, for residential broadband, excess capacity isavailable when users are at their workplaces, and at night, when usersare sleeping. Such excess capacity could be bundled and utilized formobile service, or for IP-based backhaul for a mobile network, usingmanagement tools such as the tools described herein.

The disclosed systems and methods can facilitate new ways of engagingwith customers, as well as new methods for management. For example, thesystems and methods may enable, in some embodiments, implementation offine-grained dynamic management of access down to a specific radio, aminimum bandwidth guarantee, and detailing accounting of a user's dataconsumption in real-time to dynamically change a user's bandwidthguarantee. The disclosed systems can take into account under-utilizedmacro RAN capacity in real time. This enables providing users with morecapacity if it is available, at zero marginal cost, thereby giving themthe best possible user experience without additional expense.

The community members gets the benefit of guaranteed bandwidth andavailability of services at a reasonable cost. The mobile operator getsthe benefit of financial reward while the network resources are used ata constant level, providing the additional advantage that networkresource planning becomes smooth due to availability of upfrontbandwidth requirement data.

The disclosed systems and methods enable, together with the technologyin the RAN as well, the use of existing cellular networks (for example,LTE macro base stations) for backhaul. Backhaul is the networkconnection from any sub-network to the telecommunications provider corenetwork and to the global Internet. Typically, backhaul is importantbecause its quality and consistency directly affects the deliveredquality of service; management tools can improve the delivered qualityof service, but can also enable costly dedicated backhaul to be replacedwith dedicated or shared peer-to-peer backhaul or wireless backhaul, orcan enable the integration of multiple backhaul links for a singlenetwork, as disclosed in, for example, U.S. Pat. Nos. 9,386,480 and9,832,796, which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.

The disclosed systems and methods contemplate the use of 5G networkslicing. Each community may have a network slice within an operatornetwork using 5G network slicing, network tunnels with QoS, etc. Thededicated network slice can be used for backhaul, in some embodiments.The disclosed systems can, in various embodiments, interoperate with 5Gnon-standalone, standalone, Internet of Things (IOT), narrowband IOT, aswell as other types of networks.

Incentivizing New Plans

The inventors have appreciated that there is a market opportunity notonly in reducing the cost of network management, but also in enabling amobile operator to gradually build out network infrastructure based onneed. A key insight is that the community itself can be mobilized toincrease network penetration by providing the community with informationabout the network. A mobile operator may commit to investing furtherresources in a network if it is profitable, and profitability is relatedto the number of subscribers. The information about number ofsubscribers can be made available to the users of the network, and themobile operator or community self-managed network operator can reduceprices appropriately if additional users sign up.

When customers are given the ability to manage their own networks, theymay also be enabled to, and may be given, the incentive to participatein their own plan development, their own radio hosting, their ownbackhaul bandwidth, their own electricity and HVAC, etc. If thecommunity provides to support the radio access network site for macrobase station or eNodeBs by providing land, electricity, etc., thecommunity may be provided benefit in the form of guaranteed bandwidthirrespective of the congestion and other factors affecting availabilityof bandwidth. In these environments the management system may beconfigured to be able to show costs for each of the features that areprovided by the customer, including with zero-rating of those features.In some embodiments, if certain individuals or entities, as users, areproviding these resources, they may be provided a bill credit.

The Community Plan

The inventors have contemplated systems and methods for making availablea community plan. An existing mobility plan subscriber at a minimum tier(for example, with a 5GB monthly plan) may be eligible for the communityplan. The community plan is a plan with a community hosted asset andmanaged by the community, in some embodiments. This community plan couldbe priced based on underlying resources required, including bandwidth.For example, each member can be billed based on the total cost ofbandwidth divided by the bandwidth projected to be used by that member,and addition of more members shall reduce the cost for each member. Asanother example, each member of a community on the community plan canpay (can contribute additional funds), to enable the total overallcommunity to add more dedicated bandwidth. An example of plan tierscould be: Silver, Gold, Platinum for individual users of the plan;Silver—unlimited and you get access guaranteed proportionate to how muchyou have consumed (if a data hog, your guarantee goes down);Gold—unlimited but 128 kbps guaranteed and more proportionate; andPlatinum—unlimited but 500 kbps guaranteed, with differing price tiersfor Silver, Gold, and Platinum.

In some embodiments, each community plan user added to the locallyhosted microcell network can cause the network to automatically add 0.5mbps of dedicated capacity from the macro donor. For example, 20community plan users=10 mbps guaranteed. An increase ofbackhaul/capacity can be automatically managed at core. Unlimited dataavailable for the group of community plan users, for example, using aminimum of 10 users in the group of users (in this case), could behigher if RAN/backhaul links underutilized. All traffic from communityplan users can be tagged (on a per-packet, per-tunnel, per-session,per-bearer basis, etc.) so the mobile operator hosting the MVNOcommunity plan can tell at all times if the community plan data pipeneeds to be throttled further.

Community members can monitor their personal usage over a day, over aweek, over a month, or over a year. The user can see the number ofactive users and available bandwidth over a specific period.Additionally, if the coordinating server or the application serverdetermines based on historical data analysis that with the currentnumber of users, enough bandwidth is available such that the existinguser can have a increased guaranteed bandwidth, the user may be offeredan option to upgrade. A user may request upgrade at will through themobile application. The user can see other members in the communitybased on the privacy settings selected by the member users.

Transparent prioritization schemes can be enabled for the communityplan. The inventors have appreciated that it is helpful for the usersthemselves to be able to see the metric being used to provideprioritization. The current state of the art for individual usersdepends on individuals directly measuring their own data usage usingtheir own smartphones or devices to ensure they do not go over a cap.However, being able to monitor one's own usage with more granularity canbe very helpful. By analogy, the value provided is like the valueprovided to a frequent flier checking to see if they will get an upgradeand seeing how many people are ahead of them.

A range of algorithms can be used. For example, a simple algorithm is totake the inverse proportion of the last 4 weeks volume of data over thecommunities total and guarantee that portion of the 10 mbps at any time.This can be recalculated every N minutes by the Coordinating Server. Thetransparency provided can entail showing a user their portion of thecommunity network's dedicated pipe being used, as well as their datahistory. A mobile app can be used as a front-end application and thecoordinating server can act as a backend server with communication viaan API. A user can increase their portion of the pipe or obtain adedicated portion of the pipe by clicking buttons in the app to, forexample, extend their contract, or pay a higher monthly fee. A minimumguaranteed data rate may also be available—say 256 kbps or 512 kbps—fora fee.

In some embodiments, users of the mobile app can use it from their homesto see if there are any community assets that can be contributed to thecommunity plan for the benefit of others, potentially thereby reducingtheir personal costs.

In some embodiments, users can join the Community Plan for unlimitedaccess at home only, e.g., only to community assets accessible from yourhome, having unlimited use of a pool of community data from home, whichis made possible by the user's use of their own home broadband forbackhaul. In some embodiments a user may track how much data they haveused and their guaranteed access to the community data using the mobileapp. In some embodiments the user may encourage more users to join, toobtain more guaranteed bandwidth for the community from the underlyinghost mobile network operator.

Operator Management and Self-Management

An underlying mobile operator may provide the underlying connectivity tothe global Internet and/or the global telephone network, in the same wayas an MVNO has an underlying mobile operator. In some embodiments, thisunderlying operator may have management control over the communitynetwork, for example: Antenna alignment; power output; SNR; alarms forsame (operator may receive alarms in any frequency). Thresholds andlimits may be put into place to ensure that the community network doesnot take down (negatively impact) the operator network. The communitynetwork could use 5G network slicing, QCI/QOS/DSCP etc., and this couldbe managed by the underlying mobile operator to be compatible with theirown network. The historical model is: cable operators; home customer canown and operate own router, modem, etc. but operator controls firmwareupdates to modem. The mobile operator retains control in these ways.

For example, if community plan users are taking up too much of macrocapacity, the underlying mobile operator can perform managementoperations to, for example, add P2P backhaul link from macro tomicro-cell network. It bears noting that increased revenue can be usedto provision additional capacity. As another example, the underlyingmobile operator can offer to permit a subscriber to host a cell toinitiate a community plan anywhere in the underlying mobile operator'snetwork.

In the rural context, this can assist the underlying mobile operator inbuilding out its network. In the urban context, this can assist theunderlying mobile operator to build out its network with a dense hetnet.

Alternatively, some or all of these management tools may be provided tothe community, and the community could designate one or more users asadministrators of the network, thereby providing self-management by thecommunity.

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a wireless network, in accordance withsome embodiments. In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 1 , a mesh node1 101, a mesh node 2 102, and a mesh node 3 103 are multi-radio accesstechnology (multi-RAT) base stations. Base stations 101, 102, and 103form a mesh network establishing mesh network links 106, 107, 108, 109,and 110 with a base station 104. The mesh network links are flexible andare used by the mesh nodes to route traffic around congestion within themesh network as needed. The base station 104 acts as gateway node ormesh gateway node, and provides backhaul connectivity to a core networkto the base stations 101, 102, and 103 over backhaul link 114 to acoordinating server(s) 105 and towards core network 115. The Basestations 101, 102, 103, 104 may also provide eNodeB, NodeB, Wi-Fi AccessPoint, Femto Base Station etc. functionality, and may support radioaccess technologies such as 2G, 3G, 4G, 5G, Wi-Fi etc. The base stations101, 102, 103 may also be known as mesh network nodes 101, 102, 103.While mesh nodes are depicted, any base stations could be used with thepresent disclosure, including 2G, 3G, 4G, 5G, Wi-Fi, etc. base stationswith any form of backhaul.

Although backhaul connection 114 is identified as LTE backhaul in FIG. 1, any other backhaul could be used, including wired or wirelessbackhaul. It is worth noting that the use of a single backhaulconnection for all nodes 101, 102, 103, which may itself be a wirelessbackhaul connection, enables the cost-effective deployment of a RAN inplaces where it might not otherwise make sense to offer a network. Also,the use of a single backhaul connection via an IP tunnel is furthermediated and enabled by the coordinating server 105.

The coordinating servers 105 are shown as two coordinating servers 105 aand 105 b. The coordinating servers 105 a and 105 b may be inload-sharing mode or may be in active-standby mode for highavailability. The coordinating servers 105 may be located between aradio access network (RAN) and the core network and may appear as corenetwork to the base stations in a radio access network (RAN) and asingle eNodeB to the core network, i.e., may provide virtualization ofthe base stations towards the core network as described in, e.g., U.S.Pat. No. 9,491,801, hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. Asshown in FIG. 1 , various user equipments 111 a, 111 b, 111 c areconnected to the base station 101. The base station 101 providesbackhaul connectivity to the user equipments 111 a, 111 b, and 111 cconnected to it over network links 106, 107, 108, 109, 110 and 114,which may be mesh networking links, line of sight (LOS) or non-LOSlinks, microwave, fiber optic, etc. The user equipments may be mobiledevices, mobile phones, personal digital assistant (PDA), tablet, laptopetc. The base station 102 provides backhaul connection to userequipments 112 a, 112 b, 112 c and the base station 103 providesbackhaul connection to user equipments 113 a, 113 b, and 113 c. The userequipments 111 a, 111 b, 111 c, 112 a, 112 b, 112 c, 113 a, 113 b, 113 cmay support any radio access technology such as 2G, 3G, 4G, 5G, Wi-Fi,WiMAX, LTE, LTE-Advanced etc. supported by the mesh network basestations, and may interwork these technologies to IP.

In some embodiments, depending on the user activity occurring at theuser equipments 111 a, 111 b, 111 c, 112 a, 112 b, 112 c, 113 a, 113 b,and 113 c, the uplink 114 may get congested under certain circumstances.As described herein, to provide mobility to the user equipments, thesolution involves providing management to the base stations 101, 102,103. The traffic from the base stations 101, 102, and 103 to the corenetwork 115 through the coordinating server 105 flows through an IPSectunnel terminated at the coordinating server 105. The network nodes 101,102, and 103 adds IP Option header field to the outermost IP Header(i.e., not to the pre-encapsulated packets). The traffic may from thebase station 101 may follow any of the network link path such as 107,106-110, 106-108-109 to reach to the gateway node 104, according to anetwork routing protocol; an example protocol is found in U.S. Pat. App.Pub. No. US20160308755A1, hereby incorporated by reference in itsentirety. In the case that traffic from the base station 101 flowsthrough network 102 in the case the path selected is 106-110 to reach tothe gateway node 104. In some embodiments, IP traffic may be classified,reclassified, or tagged with tags for management of the community RAN.

In some embodiments, certain elements of the network could be under themanagement of a community self-managed RAN organization. Demarcationline 125 shows how certain components, such as RAN nodes 101, 102, 103,104 and coordinating servers 105/105 a/105 b, are managed by thecommunity RAN, and how other components, namely, core network 115, aremanaged by the mobile operator. The community RAN organization may begiven permissions to manage the RAN nodes, but not the core network 115.The network operator may be able to manage all the nodes shown,including the nodes on the community side of demarcation line 125, butmay opt to provide self-management capabilities to the community RANorganization. The network operator may receive reporting and informationfrom the community RAN organization, including billing and pricinginformation and also including operational information. The networkoperator may be able to override the management by the community RANorganization, for example, to keep performance within reasonable bounds,to handle misconfiguration by the community, etc.

In some embodiments, the gateway node 104 receives the message with IPOptions header described above, and may parse the IP Options header toextract a traffic classification value. The gateway node 104 may map thetraffic classification, as extracted from the fourth octet of the IPOptions header, to a proper DSCP value to encode in messages or packetstowards the coordinating server. The gateway node 104 may alternately orin conjunction map the traffic classification to a proper QCI value, ifthe uplink is through an LTE modem backhaul uplink to a macro eNodeBthrough another operator core network. The gateway node 104 receives theinstructions on how to map the traffic classification to the DSCP/QCI asa configuration or a template from the coordinating server 105. This isespecially important in the case that the network operator desires toprovide service to its own customers using nodes 101, 102, 103 orcoordination server 105.

In some embodiments, management may include applying DSCP and/or QCIvalues, or other tagging, both to provide QoS and to enable the mobileoperator to track and provide reporting regarding usage by the communitynetwork. As well, and depending on the congestion as calculated by thegateway node 104 based on performance measurements, statistics, internaland external KPIs, and measurement of bandwidth available at the gatewaynode 104, the gateway nodes may put the packets in a different prioritymessage queue. The gateway node 104 may also adjust the available linkbandwidth or uplink bandwidth assigned to nodes 101, 102, 103 based onthe congestion level and traffic load for varying priority levelidentified from the traffic classification field of the IP Optionsheader. In some embodiments, these steps may be performed not at thegateway node but at the coordinating servers 105.

In some embodiments, all management functionality can be performed atcoordinating servers 105. In some embodiments, certain managementfunctionality, for example, establishment of secure connections with theUE or with the core network, tagging of traffic with QoS, DSCP,priority, etc., may be performed at the base stations. In someembodiments, certain management functionality may be provided at corenetwork 115 in addition to coordinating servers 105, for: sending andreceiving management instructions to and from a core network managementfacility or software module; interfacing with a billing server bysetting, storing and retrieving information about community plans,community plan users, etc.; providing authorization for managementoperations by community administrative users; interfacing with thecoordinating server for enacting management policies from the corenetwork or from an administrative interface of the community network;etc. In some embodiments, coordinating servers 105 may provide a gatewayfor lawful intercept for the community network, which otherwise wouldnot be possible for a mobile network not fully owned and operated by amobile operator. The management functionality at the core network may beimplemented in a software module that is configured with permissions andaccess to the core network's management functionality, and that hasinformation about one or more of the base stations providing access,e.g., 101, 102, 103. In some embodiments, the management functionalitymay use the operator network's own security server (e.g., its HomeSubscriber Server or HSS); in other embodiments, a separate securityserver may be used for the community network's users and devices. Insome embodiments, the coordinating servers 105 may establish a secureconnection, using various techniques known in the art (such as, forexample, cryptographic key exchange, username/password, etc.), to theoperator core network 115.

FIG. 2 is a first exemplary screen for a community RAN mobileapplication, in accordance with some embodiments. Screen 201 shows anexemplary screen of a mobile application as it would be shown on amobile device, such as a smartphone or touchscreen tablet computer.Title 202 shows that this screen shows the status of a mobile network.This status may include monthly usage graph 203, daily usage graph 204,statistics relating to bandwidth used or bits downloaded/uploaded, etc.The graphs and status shown could also reflect other parameters in thenetwork, for example, signal strength, signal quality, RSSI, utilizationpercentage, load, etc. The graphs and status could be shown relating toan individual user's usage, or could show usage relating to all users onthe community self-managed RAN. In some embodiments usage informationregarding the whole community could be restricted to administrators. Insome embodiments, more detailed information may be available onclick-through of individual statistics or graphs.

FIG. 3 is a second exemplary screen for a community RAN mobileapplication, in accordance with some embodiments. Screen 301 shows anexemplary screen of a mobile application as it would be shown on amobile device, such as a smartphone or touchscreen tablet computer.Title 302 shows that this screen shows an individual user'scurrently-selected plan. Section 303 shows that three tiers of plan areavailable: Silver at a cost to the user of $10/mo., Gold at a cost of$15/mo., and Platinum at a cost of $20/mo. These tiers may be clickedthrough to obtain further information, in some embodiments. The tiersmay reflect different levels of service as explained elsewhere herein.The costs shown may be dynamically updated based on current usage, insome embodiments. The buttons 303 a, 303 b, and 303 c are provided toenable the user to change his or her plan on this screen Legend 304 is acopyright identification statement.

FIG. 4 is a third exemplary screen for a community RAN mobileapplication, in accordance with some embodiments. Screen 401 shows anexemplary screen of a mobile application as it would be shown on amobile device, such as a smartphone or touchscreen tablet computer, inthis case for an administrative user. Chart 402 shows a count of activeusers per time of day. Chart 403 shows available bandwidth per time ofday, shown as an average; the community shown has 50 Mbps available atpeak. Section 404 explains the procedure for upgrading the serviceprovided to the community, whether based on available speed, throughput,or some other metric. Button 404 a allows for a secure message to besent to the mobile operator to immediately upgrade service. Paymentinformation may also be entered via the mobile app, in some embodiments,or may be stored by the mobile operator. It is possible, in someembodiments, for individual administrative users to pay for more serviceimmediately using their own personal funds or credit cards, and forpayment to take effect immediately, and for service upgrades to beconfigurable in length. For example, a user may desire faster speeds forthe next month and may pay out of pocket to upgrade his or her wholecommunity.

FIG. 5 is a fourth exemplary screen for a community RAN mobileapplication, in accordance with some embodiments. Screen 501 shows anexemplary screen of a mobile application as it would be shown on amobile device, such as a smartphone or touchscreen tablet computer, inthis case for an administrative user. Community membership screen 502includes a listing 503 of members by name and membership type, for use,for example, by the administrator to reach out to members of thecommunity or to allow the administrator to assess needs, etc., of thecommunity. Pagination of the listing is optionally available usingbutton 503 a. A brief summary 504 is shown, showing that there are atotal of 45 community users and 400 GB/month in total data available anda bandwidth cap of 50 Mbps. A copyright legend 505 is shown. An upgradebutton 506 is also shown to immediately upgrade service (furtherdiscussion also at FIG. 4 ).

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a coordinating node, in accordance withsome embodiments. The coordinating node may also be known ascoordinating server or gateway or gateway node or gateway server, etc.,in this disclosure. Coordinating node 600 includes processor 602 andmemory 604, which are configured to provide the functions describedherein. Also present are UE coordination module and state machine 606,RAN configuration module 608, and RAN proxying 610. UE coordinationmodule 606, and in particular TFT module/QCI module 606 a, may performthe functions described herein for QOS management, including matchingincoming traffic to bearers using filters and mapping IP options to DSCPor QCI values. RAN configuration module 608 may coordinate installed TFTfilters across the network (e.g., at eNodeBs) with TFT module 606 a. Insome embodiments, coordination server may also provide proxying, routingvirtualization and RAN virtualization, via module 610. In someembodiments, a downstream network interface 612 is provided forinterfacing with the RANs, which may be a radio interface (e.g., LTE),and an upstream network interface 614 is provided for interfacing withthe core network, which may be either a radio interface (e.g., LTE) or awired interface (e.g., Ethernet). Downstream network interface 612 mayfurther include classification module 612 a in communication with TFTmodule/QCI module 606 a. Classification module 612 a may performclassification of traffic before sending messages to nodes in thedownstream direction. Signaling storm reduction functions may beperformed in module 606. The coordinating node may be located in thenetwork as shown in FIG. 1 as signaling coordinator 105. Managementfunctions for the community RAN may be performed on the general purposeprocessor 602.

Coordinating node 600 includes local evolved packet core (EPC) module620, for authenticating users, storing and caching priority profileinformation, and performing other EPC-dependent functions when nobackhaul link is available. Local EPC 620 may include local HSS 622,local MME 624, local SGW 626, and local PGW 628, as well as othermodules. Local EPC 620 may incorporate these modules as softwaremodules, processes, or containers. Local EPC 620 may alternativelyincorporate these modules as a small number of monolithic softwareprocesses. Modules 606, 608, 610 and local EPC 620 may each run onprocessor 602 or on another processor, or may be located within anotherdevice.

In some embodiments, the gateway of FIG. 6 may be a virtualized radioaccess network or may provide virtual network functions (VNFs). Forexample, the gateway of FIG. 6 may be equipped and provisioned toprovide a cloud radio access network (CRAN) virtual network function(VNF), with real-time elastic scheduling, real-time X2 brokering,real-time self-organizing network (SON) capability with load balancing,mobile edge computing (MEC) capability, video traffic optimization,software defined networking (SDN) with unlicensed assisted backhaul andquality of experience (QoE) management. The VNFs provided on thisgateway may be located at a particular hardware node or moved around incontainers or virtual machines within a data center. One of the VNFs maybe a community RAN management VNF.

In some embodiments, the gateway node may receive messages from the RANnodes pertaining to alarms and warnings from the RAN, and may provideappropriate functionality to the end user via a web page or mobile appfor remediating the alarm or warning situation. Examples of alarms andwarnings include: antennas indicating they are out of alignment; loss ofpower; excessive signal interference on a particular radio band; one ormore malfunctioning or rogue devices connected to the network; a RANnode that has disappeared from the network; a RAN node that is reportingan equipment failure; etc.

The gateway node may report differently to the core network for acommunity self-managed network. For example, with a network that isintended to be self-managed, the gateway node may only reportinformation from time to time as a digest, or upon request, instead ofreporting all information (for example, debug logs, system logs,heartbeats, system status reports, signal strength reports, userequipment (UE) error messages, base station error messages). The gatewaynode may be configured to report only information that is outside of aconfigurable reporting band, such as when the utilization of adesignated backhaul network link hits a configurable threshold (say,90%) for a sustained period of time (say, 24 hours), or if a high numberof error messages or a high error rate is detected. By simplifyingmanagement for the core network, the resources required of the telecomoperator may be reduced, both in personnel and in data storage andprocessing. Of course, the gateway node may provide all the samemanagement functionality and reporting that is typically afforded to acore network as well, in some embodiments.

FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of an enhanced eNodeB, in accordance withsome embodiments. Enhanced eNodeB 700 may include processor 702,processor memory 704 in communication with the processor, basebandprocessor 706, and baseband processor memory 708 in communication withthe baseband processor. Enhanced eNodeB 700 may also include first radiotransceiver 710 and second radio transceiver 712, internal universalserial bus (USB) port 716, and subscriber information module card (SIMcard) 718 coupled to USB port 714. In some embodiments, the second radiotransceiver 712 itself may be coupled to USB port 716, andcommunications from the baseband processor may be passed through USBport 716.

A scheduler 730 is shown, and may perform operations as describedelsewhere herein. Specifically, scheduler 730 may receive communicationsfrom attached UEs, such as measurement reports, and ANR information fromthe eNB itself, and may forward them to a coordinating server(identified in FIG. 7 as “to global scheduler”). Scheduler 730 performsessential scheduling functions as required by the LTE standard, sendingout scheduling information every 1 TTI for all UEs attached to eNodeB700, but may incorporate hints or allocated resources via hash valuesreceived from the global scheduler at local scheduler 730. Localscheduler 730 may include a mapping to identify what resources have beenallocated by reversing or otherwise interpreting the hashed hints andresource allocations received from the global scheduler.

The processor 702 may be in communication with a local evolved packetcore (EPC) module 720, for authenticating users, storing and cachingpriority profile information, and performing other EPC-dependentfunctions when no backhaul link is available. This local EPC may bededicated to the community self-managed RAN. Local EPC 720 may includelocal HSS 722, local MME 724, local SGW 726, and local PGW 728, as wellas other modules. Local EPC 720 may incorporate these modules assoftware modules, processes, or containers. Local EPC 720 mayalternatively incorporate these modules as a small number of monolithicsoftware processes. Scheduler 730 and local EPC 720 may each run onprocessor 702 or on another processor, or may be located within anotherdevice.

Processor 702 and baseband processor 706 are in communication with oneanother. Processor 702 may perform routing functions, and may determineif/when a switch in network configuration is needed. Baseband processor706 may generate and receive radio signals for both radio transceivers710 and 712, based on instructions from processor 702. In someembodiments, processors 702 and 706 may be on the same physical logicboard. In other embodiments, they may be on separate logic boards.

The first radio transceiver 710 may be a radio transceiver capable ofproviding LTE eNodeB functionality, and may be capable of higher powerand multi-channel OFDMA. The second radio transceiver 712 may be a radiotransceiver capable of providing LTE UE functionality. Both transceivers710 and 712 are capable of receiving and transmitting on one or more LTEbands. In some embodiments, either or both of transceivers 710 and 712may be capable of providing both LTE eNodeB and LTE UE functionality.Transceiver 710 may be coupled to processor 702 via a PeripheralComponent Interconnect-Express (PCI-E) bus, and/or via a daughtercard.As transceiver 712 is for providing LTE UE functionality, in effectemulating a user equipment, it may be connected via the same ordifferent PCI-E bus, or by a USB bus, and may also be coupled to SIMcard 718.

SIM card 718 may provide information required for authenticating thesimulated UE to the evolved packet core (EPC) in an operator corenetwork for backhaul purposes. When no access to an operator EPC isavailable, local EPC 720 may be used, or another local EPC on thenetwork may be used. This information may be stored within the SIM card,and may include one or more of an international mobile equipmentidentity (IMEI), international mobile subscriber identity (IMSI), orother parameter needed to identify a UE. Special parameters may also bestored in the SIM card or provided by the processor during processing toidentify to a target eNodeB that device 700 is not an ordinary UE butinstead is a special UE for providing backhaul to device 700.

Wired backhaul or wireless backhaul may be used. Wired backhaul may bean Ethernet-based backhaul (including Gigabit Ethernet), or afiber-optic backhaul connection, or a cable-based backhaul connection,in some embodiments. Additionally, wireless backhaul may be provided inaddition to wireless transceivers 710 and 712, which may be Wi-Fi802.11a/b/g/n/ac/ad/ah, Bluetooth, ZigBee, microwave (includingline-of-sight microwave), or another wireless backhaul connection. Anyof the wired and wireless connections may be used for either access orbackhaul, according to identified network conditions and needs, and maybe under the control of processor 702 for reconfiguration.

Other elements and/or modules may also be included, such as a homeeNodeB, a local gateway (LGW), a self-organizing network (SON) module,or another module. Additional radio amplifiers, radio transceiversand/or wired network connections may also be included.

Processor 702 may identify the appropriate network configuration, andmay perform routing of packets from one network interface to anotheraccordingly. Processor 702 may use memory 704, in particular to store arouting table to be used for routing packets. Baseband processor 706 mayperform operations to generate the radio frequency signals fortransmission or retransmission by both transceivers 710 and 712.Baseband processor 706 may also perform operations to decode signalsreceived by transceivers 710 and 712. Baseband processor 706 may usememory 708 to perform these tasks.

Further details about the gateway node and the base stations areprovided in the other documents referenced herein and incorporated byreference. Any and all features are contemplated as being able to bemanaged, where appropriate, in the context of a self-managing communitynetwork.

Authentication

In some embodiments, the community self-managed network may require UEsto be authenticated using industry standard protocols, e.g., with a HomeSubscriber Server (HSS) or Home Location Register (HLR) in anindustry-standard core network. Once authenticated, the network mayprovide service. In some embodiments the network may cacheauthentication credentials to reduce reliance on the remoteauthentication server.

In other embodiments the network may use alternative means ofauthentication, e.g., in a manner similar to a captive Wi-Fi networkwherein a user is required to enter username and password, andoptionally credit card information, at time of connection to the networkinto a web-based interface toward an authentication agent hosted at aserver/gateway in the self-managed network. In cases where a mobiledevice without a SIM card is contemplated to be used, the username andpassword authentication method may be used.

In some embodiments these two authentication mechanisms may be combinedin various ways. For example, the community self-managed network mayallow only a certain set of UEs with authorized SIM cards to connect tothe network initially, and may require users to further log in usingusername and password to complete a process of authenticating to thenetwork.

In some embodiments, authentication credentials may be based on thenetwork topology (e.g., the network address or subnet) or networkhardware address of a mobile device used to access the network, in a waysimilar to the trusted network subnet model used within enterprisenetworks for authenticating telephone devices and computer networkdevices; in certain cases, including the trusted subnet authenticationcase, a self-owned and managed private branch exchange (PBX) server maybe bridged onto a community self-managed network.

In some embodiments, access to the management app or website may begranted or denied based on whitelists, blacklists, source networkaddress, source network subnet, source gateway, or other mechanisms thatallow the operator to restrict access by network topology to users whofall within the management area of the community self-managed RANoperator. In some embodiments, over-the-top (OTT) access via theInternet may be enabled for the management device in addition, withkey-based, username and password-based, or other types ofauthentication.

The Core Network Functionality

A functionality is contemplated to be at the core network to interfacewith, e.g., the coordinating gateway; the base stations that are undermanagement (in some cases joint management with the operator itself foran mobile virtual network operator or MVNO); and the administrative userinterface, which may be located in various locations in the network. Thekey function of the core network functionality is to provide security,so that the community is not able to manage the operator's network andso that only designated individuals or users in the community canperform administrative actions in the community self-managed network.Other features of a core network, for example, roaming, lawfulintercept, billing, etc., may be provided to the community through thecore network functionality, but in the case of certain functions, nocommunication, handshake, or secure connection need be made toaccomplish these standard functions of a core network. Details of thisimplementation may vary based on the specific core network software anddeployment model. This may be implemented using a software module and anappropriate API, with messaging, authentication, and in some cases moresophisticated features such as QoS, queueing, SLAs, remote alarms,remote logging, etc.

Alternatives

The below alternatives apply to one or more embodiments of the presentdisclosure.

In some embodiments, public safety telecommunications networks may beenabled to be managed by the systems and methods in the presentdisclosure. For example, a public safety organization, such as a policedepartment or a fire department, may be tasked with establishingemergency communications in a community. The public safety organizationmay employ the methods and systems described herein to providemanagement for the emergency communications network, and may manage thebase stations, core networks, interconnects, and other components of thenetwork using the present system.

In some embodiments, in-vehicle base stations may be enabled to bemanaged by the systems and methods in the present disclosure. Forexample, a public safety organization, such as a police department or afire department, may be tasked with establishing emergencycommunications in a community using in-vehicle base stations. In-vehiclebase stations have specific management challenges, such as thefollowing: each base station may be configured to turn on and turn offbased on the velocity of the base station (see U.S. Pat. No. 9,585,118,hereby incorporated by reference); each base station may be configuredto employ other base stations for backhaul (see U.S. Pat. No. 8,867,418,hereby incorporated by reference); each base station may be configuredto provide priority or quality of service (QoS) for applications runningover the mobile base station; each base station must be enabled topermit handovers of mobile backhaul while an in-vehicle base station isin motion (see U.S. Pat. App. Pub. No. US20180063753A1, herebyincorporated by reference). The organization may employ the methods andsystems described herein to provide management for the emergencycommunications network, including any in-vehicle base stations thereof.

In some embodiments, the radio transceivers described herein may be basestations compatible with a Long Term Evolution (LTE) radio transmissionprotocol or air interface. The LTE-compatible base stations may beeNodeBs. In addition to supporting the LTE protocol, including FDD andTDD in different bands, the base stations may also support other airinterfaces, such as UMTS/HSPA, CDMA/CDMA2000, GSM/EDGE, GPRS, EVDO,other 3G/2G, legacy TDD, or other air interfaces used for mobiletelephony. The inventors have appreciated that the systems and methodsdisclosed herein are suitable for use with 3G as well as 4G and LTEapplications, as, e.g., PDP contexts have many of the samecharacteristics as LTE bearers and as tunneled backhaul may be used for3G as well as 4G. 5G may also be supported accordingly, as well as newversions of DSCP, TOS, QCI, etc. using the disclosed systems andmethods. In some embodiments, the base stations described herein maysupport Wi-Fi air interfaces, which may include one or more of IEEE802.11a/b/g/n/ac. In some embodiments, the base stations describedherein may support IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), to LTE transmissions inunlicensed frequency bands (e.g., LTE-U, Licensed Access or LA-LTE), toLTE transmissions using dynamic spectrum access (DSA), to radiotransceivers for ZigBee, Bluetooth, or other radio frequency protocols,or other air interfaces. In some embodiments, the base stationsdescribed herein may use programmable frequency filters. In someembodiments, the base stations described herein may provide access toland mobile radio (LMR)-associated radio frequency bands. In someembodiments, the base stations described herein may also support morethan one of the above radio frequency protocols, and may also supporttransmit power adjustments for some or all of the radio frequencyprotocols supported. The embodiments disclosed herein can be used with avariety of protocols so long as there are contiguous frequencybands/channels. Although the method described assumes a single-in,single-output (SISO) system, the techniques described can also beextended to multiple-in, multiple-out (MIMO) systems. Wherever IMSI orIMEI are mentioned, other hardware, software, user or group identifiers,can be used in conjunction with the techniques described herein.

Those skilled in the art will recognize that multiple hardware andsoftware configurations could be used depending upon the accessprotocol, backhaul protocol, duplexing scheme, or operating frequencyband by adding or replacing daughtercards to the dynamic multi-RAT node.Presently, there are radio cards that can be used for the varying radioparameters. Accordingly, the multi-RAT nodes of the present inventioncould be designed to contain as many radio cards as desired given theradio parameters of heterogeneous mesh networks within which themulti-RAT node is likely to operate. Those of skill in the art willrecognize that, to the extent an off-the shelf radio card is notavailable to accomplish transmission/reception in a particular radioparameter, a radio card capable of performing, e.g., in white spacefrequencies, would not be difficult to design.

Those of skill in the art will also recognize that hardware may embodysoftware, software may be stored in hardware as firmware, and variousmodules and/or functions may be performed or provided either as hardwareor software depending on the specific needs of a particular embodiment.

In any of the scenarios described herein, where processing may beperformed at the cell, the processing may also be performed incoordination with a cloud coordination server. The eNodeB may be incommunication with the cloud coordination server via an X2 protocolconnection, or another connection. The eNodeB may perform inter-cellcoordination via the cloud communication server, when other cells are incommunication with the cloud coordination server. The eNodeB maycommunicate with the cloud coordination server to determine whether theUE has the ability to support a handover to Wi-Fi, e.g., in aheterogeneous network.

In some embodiments, the software needed for implementing the methodsand procedures described herein may be implemented in a high levelprocedural or an object-oriented language such as C, C++, C#, Python,Java, or Perl. The software may also be implemented in assembly languageif desired. Packet processing implemented in a network device caninclude any processing determined by the context. For example, packetprocessing may involve high-level data link control (HDLC) framing,header compression, and/or encryption. In some embodiments, softwarethat, when executed, causes a device to perform the methods describedherein may be stored on a computer-readable medium such as read-onlymemory (ROM), programmable-read-only memory (PROM), electricallyerasable programmable-read-only memory (EEPROM), flash memory, or amagnetic disk that is readable by a general or specialpurpose-processing unit to perform the processes described in thisdocument. The processors can include any microprocessor (single ormultiple core), system on chip (SoC), microcontroller, digital signalprocessor (DSP), graphics processing unit (GPU), or any other integratedcircuit capable of processing instructions such as an x86microprocessor.

Although the present disclosure has been described and illustrated inthe foregoing example embodiments, it is understood that the presentdisclosure has been made only by way of example, and that numerouschanges in the details of implementation of the disclosure may be madewithout departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure, which islimited only by the claims which follow. Various components in thedevices described herein may be added, removed, or substituted withthose having the same or similar functionality. Various steps asdescribed in the figures and specification may be added or removed fromthe processes described herein, and the steps described may be performedin an alternative order, consistent with the spirit of the invention.Features of one embodiment may be used in another embodiment. Otherembodiments are within the following claims. For example, an orderedsequence of multiple uplink cells may be selected by the coordinatingnode.

It is understood that any specific order or hierarchy of steps in theprocesses disclosed is an illustration of example approaches. Based upondesign preferences, it is understood that the specific order orhierarchy of steps in the processes may be rearranged, or that allillustrated steps be performed. Some of the steps may be performedsimultaneously. For example, in certain circumstances, multitasking andparallel processing may be advantageous. Moreover, the separation ofvarious system components illustrated above should not be understood asrequiring such separation, and it should be understood that thedescribed program components and system can generally be integratedtogether in a single software product or packaged into multiple softwareproducts.

The above-described features and applications can be implemented assoftware processes that are specified as a set of instructions recordedon a computer-readable storage medium (also referred to as computerreadable medium). When these instructions are executed by one or moreprocessing unit(s) (e.g. one or more processors, cores of processors, orother processing units), they cause the processing unit(s) to performthe actions indicated in the instructions. Examples of computer readablemedia include, but are not limited to, CD-ROMs, flash drives, harddrives, RAM chips, EPROMs, etc. The computer-readable media does notinclude carrier waves and electronic signals passing wirelessly or wiredconnections.

In the specification, the term “software” is meant to include firmwareresiding in read-only memory or applications stored in magnetic storageor flash storage, for example, a solid-state drive, which can be readinto memory for processing by a processor. Also, in someimplementations, multiple software technologies can be implemented assub-parts of a larger program while remaining distinct softwaretechnologies. In some implementations, multiple software technologiescan also be implemented as separate programs. Finally, any combinationof separate programs that together implement a software technologydescribed here is within the scope of the subject technology. In someimplementations, the software programs, when installed to operate on oneor more electronics systems, define one or more specific machineimplementations that execute and perform the operations of the softwareprograms.

A computer program (also known as program, software, softwareapplication, script, or code) can be written in any form of programminglanguage, including compiled or interpreted languages, declarative orprocedural languages, and it can be deployed in any form, including as astandalone program or as a module, component, subroutine, object, oranother unit suitable for use in a computing environment. A computerprogram may, but need not correspond to a file in a file system. Aprogram can be stored in a portion of a file that holds other programsor data (e.g., one or more scripts stored in a markup languagedocument), in a single file dedicated to the program in question, or inmultiple coordinated files (e.g., files that store one or more modules,sub-programs, or portions of code). A computer program can be deployedto be executed on one computer or on multiple computers that are locatedat one site or distributed across multiple sites and interconnected by acommunication network.

These functions described above can be implemented in digital electroniccircuitry, in computer software, hardware, or firmware. The techniquescan be implemented using one or more computer program products.Programmable processors and computers can be included in or packaged asmobile devices. The process and logic flows can be performed by one ormore programmable processors and by one or more programmable logiccircuitry. General and special purpose computing devices and storagedevices can be interconnected through communication networks.

Some implementations include electronic components, for examplemicroprocessors, storage and memory that store computer programinstructions in a machine-readable or computer-readable medium(alternatively referred to as computer-readable storage media,machine-readable media, or machine-readable storage media). Someexamples of such computer-readable media include RAM, ROM, read-onlycompact discs (CD-ROM), readable compact discs (CD-R), rewritablecompact discs (CD-RW), read-only digital versatile discs (e.g., DVD-ROM,dual-layer DVD-ROM), a variety of recordable/rewritable DVDs (e.g.DVD-RAM, DVD-RW, DVD+RW, etc.), flash memory (e.g., SD cards, mini-SDcards, micro-SD cards, etc.), magnetic or solid-state hard drives,read-only and recordable Blu-Ray® discs, ultra-density optical discs,any other optical or magnetic media, and floppy disks. Thecomputer-readable media can store a computer program that is executed byat least one processing unit and includes sets of instructions forperforming various operations. Examples of computer programs or computercode include machine code, for example is produced by a compiler, andfiles including higher-level code that are executed by a computer, anelectronic component, or a microprocessor using an interpreter.

While the above discussion primarily refers to microprocessor ormulti-core processors that execute software, some implementations areperformed by one or more integrated circuits, for example applicationspecific integrated circuits (ASICs) or field programmable gate arrays(FPGAs). In some implementations, such integrated circuits executeinstructions that are stored in the circuit itself.

As used in this specification and any claims of this application, theterms “computer”, “server”, “processor”, and “memory” all refer toelectronic or other technological devices. These terms exclude people orgroups of people. For the purpose of the specification, the termsdisplay or displaying means displaying on an electronic device. As usedin this specification and any claims of this application, the terms“computer-readable media” and “computer readable medium” are entirelyrestricted to tangible, physical objects that store information in aform that is readable by a computer. These terms exclude any wireless,wired download signals, and any other ephemeral signals.

To provide for interaction with a user, implementations of the subjectmatter described in this specification can be implemented on a computerhaving a display device, e.g., a CRT (cathode ray tube) or LCD (liquidcrystal display) monitor, or any other available monitor types, fordisplaying information to the user and a keyboard and a pointing device,e.g., mouse or trackball, by which the user can provide input to thecomputer. Other kinds of devices can be used to provide for interactionwith a user as well; for example, feedback provided to the user can beany form of sensory feedback, e.g., visual feedback, tactile feedback,or auditory feedback; and input from the user can be received in anyform, including acoustic, speech, or tactile input. In addition, acomputer can interact with a user by sending documents to and receivingdocuments from a device that is used by the user; for example, bysending web pages to a web browser on a user's client device in responseto requests received from the web browser.

The subject matter described in this specification can be implemented ina computing system that includes a back-end component, e.g., as a dataserver, or that includes a middleware component, e.g., an applicationserver, or that includes a front-end component, e.g., a client computerhaving a graphical user interface or a Web browser through which a usercan interact with an implementation of the subject matter described inthis specification, or any combination of one or more such back-end,middleware, or front-end components. The components of the system can beinterconnected by any form or medium of digital data communication,e.g., a communication network. Examples of communication network includea local area network (“LAN”), an inter-network (e.g., the Internet), andpeer-to-peer networks (e.g., ad-hoc peer-to-peer networks).

The subject matter described in this specification can be implementedusing client-side applications, web pages, mobile web pages, or othersoftware as generally known in the art and that would be usable toend-user customers (for community self-managed RAN apps) and/or mobileoperator end users. The subject matter could alternately be delivered orimplemented using an API, such as a SOAP API, a JSON API, a RESTful API,in lieu of or in conjunction with a direct end-user interface. Thesubject matter could use messaging queues, webhooks, server-sidecontainers, or any other technology known in the art.

The computing system can include clients and servers. A client andserver are generally remote from each other and typically interactthrough a communication network. The relationship of client and serverarises by virtue of computer programs running on the respectivecomputers and having a client-server relationship to each other. In someaspects of the disclosed subject matter, a server transmits data (e.g.,an HTML page) to a client device (e.g., for purpose of displaying datato and receiving user input from a user interacting with the clientdevice). Data generated at the client device (e.g., a result of the userinteraction) can be received from the client device at the server.

Various modifications to these aspects will be readily apparent, and thegeneric principles defined herein may be applied to other aspects. Thus,the claims are not intended to be limited to the aspects shown herein,but is to be accorded the full scope consistent with the languageclaims, where reference to an element in singular is not intended tomean “one and only one” unless specifically so states, but rather “oneor more.” Unless expressly stated otherwise, the term “some” refers toone or more. Pronouns in the masculine (e.g., his) include the feminineand neuter gender (e.g., her and its) and vice versa. Headings andsubheadings, if any, are used for convenience only, and do not limit thesubject technology.

A phrase, for example, an “aspect” does not imply that the aspect isessential to the subject technology or that the aspect applies to allconfigurations of the subject technology. A disclosure relating to anaspect may apply to all configurations, or one or more configurations. Aphrase, for example, an aspect may refer to one or more aspects and viceversa. A phrase, for example, a “configuration” does not imply that suchconfiguration is essential to the subject technology or that suchconfiguration applies to all configurations of the subject technology. Adisclosure relating to a configuration may apply to all configurationsor one or more configurations. A phrase, for example, a configurationmay refer to one or more configurations and vice versa.

The foregoing discussion discloses and describes merely exemplaryembodiments of the present invention. In some embodiments, softwarethat, when executed, causes a device to perform the methods describedherein may be stored on a computer-readable medium such as a computermemory storage device, a hard disk, a flash drive, an optical disc, orthe like. As will be understood by those skilled in the art, the presentinvention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing fromthe spirit or essential characteristics thereof. For example, wirelessnetwork topology can also apply to wired networks, optical networks, andthe like; and desktop apps and web apps can be used in place of or inconjunction with mobile apps. The methods may apply to LTE-compatiblenetworks, to UMTS-compatible networks, or to networks for additionalprotocols that utilize radio frequency data transmission. Variouscomponents in the devices described herein may be added, removed, orsubstituted with those having the same or similar functionality. Varioussteps as described in the figures and specification may be added orremoved from the processes described herein, and the steps described maybe performed in an alternative order, consistent with the spirit of theinvention. Accordingly, the disclosure of the present invention isintended to be illustrative of, but not limiting of, the scope of theinvention, which is specified in the following claims.

1. A system, comprising: a management functionality in atelecommunications core network, in communication with at least two basestations providing wireless access to one or more mobile devices andlocated in a community, for authorizing management activities for the atleast two base stations; and a user-facing administration module incommunication with the management functionality, the user-facingadministration module providing management control to an administrativeuser in the community, wherein the management functionality isconfigured to send instructions to the at least two base stations toapply quality of service (QoS) tags and to use the applied QoS tags toenforce bandwidth and throughput limits based on input from theadministrative user, and wherein the user-facing administration moduleis configured to provide monitoring of user usage statistics for thecommunity and available bandwidth on a backhaul connection for thecommunity.
 2. The system of claim 1, wherein the at least two basestations provide access to the one or more mobile devices using one ormore of: 2G, 3G, 4G Long Term Evolution (LTE), 5G, or Wi-Fi.
 3. Thesystem of claim 1, wherein the at least two base stations share awireless backhaul connection.
 4. The system of claim 1, wherein the atleast two base stations are managed by the management functionality andwherein the management functionality in the core network is configuredto provide operational control of one or more of: per-user throughput;per-user total data for a specified period; per-user priority; andpriority for user plane data sent between the at least two base stationsand the core network.
 5. The system of claim 1, wherein the at least twobase stations are managed by the management functionality and whereinthe management functionality in the core network is configured toprovide operational control of one or more of: transmit power; antennadirectionality; modulation schemes; physical layer (PHY) parameters;mesh network routing; backhaul link selection; and radio accesstechnology (RAT) steering.
 6. The system of claim 1, wherein the atleast two base stations are managed together by the managementfunctionality as part of a single community-managed radio access network(RAN).
 7. The system of claim 1, wherein the at least two base stationshave a secure connection with a gateway connecting the at least two basestations to the core network, and wherein the gateway has a secureconnection with the management functionality in the core network.
 8. Thesystem of claim 1, wherein the at least two base stations are configuredto receive instructions to apply quality of service (QoS) tags and touse the applied QoS tags to enforce bandwidth and throughput limits. 9.The system of claim 7, wherein the user-facing administration module islocated at one of the at least two base stations or at the gateway. 10.The system of claim 1, wherein the user-facing administration module islocated on the Internet or located on a network accessed via the corenetwork.
 11. The system of claim 1, wherein the user-facingadministration module enables the administrative user to monitor userusage statistics for individual end users in the community.
 12. Thesystem of claim 1, wherein the user-facing administration module enablesthe administrative user to monitor user usage statistics and availablebandwidth on a backhaul connection for the community.
 13. The system ofclaim 1, wherein the user-facing administration module enablesindividual end users in the community to upgrade a service plan, andwherein the user-facing administration module causes an operationalchange to be made in the at least two base stations based on theupgraded service plan.
 14. The system of claim 1, wherein theuser-facing administration module enables individual end users toinitiate payment.